Climate and economic differences will lead to regional variations in production costs, but they also offer opportunities for countries with abundant renewable energy resources. These clean energy carriers could represent a significant share of the global energy mix and contribute to the decarbonization of complex sectors by 2050, while also enabling exports to other markets. The report provides an overview of emerging markets for these products, and identifies business opportunities for countries with abundant renewable resources, including several African nations.
Morocco : from importer to exporter of green ammonia
According to the report, global trade in ammonia is less regionalized than that in hydrogen, reflecting its importance as a global commodity. In 2023, global ammonia imports reached 9 billion USD, well above the value of hydrogen trade. With 859.95 million USD of imports, Morocco is ranked as the world’s third largest importer. Thanks to its vast solar and wind resources, Morocco could become an exporter of green ammonia. This could not only supply the country’s agricultural sector, but also meet the growing needs of global markets. Renewable ammonia, transported mainly by sea, could account for up to 45% of global hydrogen trade by 2050. The first large-scale plants are expected to come on stream as early as 2025. The report also points out that
opportunities exist for countries with abundant renewable energy to export renewable ammonia or to produce renewable ammonia that could be used in their own existing fertilizer industry.
Egypt : a key player for green methanol
Egypt was a major methanol exporter in 2023, with revenues of USD 300.31 million. However, its potential lies in the development of a green methanol sector, produced from renewable hydrogen and captured CO2. This sustainable methanol is compatible with existing infrastructures and capable of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, while offering a versatile, environmentally-friendly alternative. As the report states,
renewable methanol offers a versatile and sustainable fuel option, compatible with existing distribution infrastructures and capable of reducing greenhouse gas and other harmful emissions.
The country has abundant renewable resources, thanks in particular to the Benban solar mega-project. By developing a competitive green methanol industry, Egypt could reduce its imports of fossil methanol and increase its exports to world markets, while boosting its economy.
Kenya : an ambitious sustainable hydrogen strategy
Kenya has set itself apart with its roadmap published in October 2023 and its green hydrogen guidelines adopted in May 2024. The aim is to ensure the sustainability of the sector, by setting precise criteria for hydrogen and its derivatives. A progressive approach that, according to the report,
would enable the country’s producers to integrate best practices into the future development of the sector and could move Kenya from a net importer to a net exporter of sustainable fertilizers.
The country is aiming for 100% renewable electricity production by 2030, with priority given to green ammonia to reduce its dependence on imported fossil fertilizers. In the longer term, Kenya aims to export its surpluses by developing special economic zones dedicated to green projects. This approach would enable the country to become a key player on international markets, while making the most of its local resources.
The report highlights the strong potential of Morocco, Egypt and Kenya to play a key role in emerging clean energy markets. Thanks to their abundant renewable resources and appropriate regulatory frameworks, these countries could take advantage of the global energy transition to foster sustainable economic development while meeting global climate challenges.
